HPV Test & HPV Vaccination

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection u2014 most sexually active adults will be exposed at some point. Most infections clear naturally, but certain high-risk strains can cause cervical, vulvar, vaginal, and other cancers if untreated.

HPV testing is recommended as part of routine cervical screening from age 25u201330 (depending on guidelines) and is increasingly used in combination with or instead of traditional smear tests. It is particularly important after an abnormal smear result.

The HPV vaccine is most effective when given before first sexual exposure, ideally from age 9u201314. However, vaccination up to age 45 provides meaningful protection against strains not yet encountered. Both males and females benefit from vaccination.

The schedule depends on age and vaccine type. Under 15: two doses 6 months apart. Age 15 and above, or immunocompromised: three doses over 6 months. The current vaccines protect against 2, 4, or 9 HPV strains.

No. Vaccination reduces but does not eliminate cancer risk, as it does not cover all strains and does not protect against prior infection. Regular cervical smear tests remain essential even after vaccination.