Menopause Specialist

Common symptoms include hot flushes, night sweats, sleep disturbance, mood changes, vaginal dryness, reduced libido, joint aches, and urinary symptoms. Symptoms vary widely in severity and duration u2014 typically 4u20137 years, though longer periods are possible.

Perimenopause is the transitional phase before the final period, typically beginning in the mid-40s. Periods become irregular and menopause symptoms emerge. It lasts on average 4 years. Perimenopause ends 12 months after the last period u2014 that point marks menopause.

HRT replaces oestrogen (and progesterone in women with a uterus) lost during menopause. Modern transdermal preparations (patches, gels) carry lower risk than older oral tablets. HRT significantly reduces hot flushes, improves sleep, protects bone density, and enhances quality of life for most women.

HRT is not suitable for women with a personal history of oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer, uncontrolled blood clots, active liver disease, or unexplained vaginal bleeding. A thorough assessment is carried out before any HRT prescription.

Yes. Non-hormonal options include certain antidepressants (SSRIs/SNRIs) for hot flushes, vaginal oestrogen for local dryness (which has minimal systemic absorption), lifestyle modifications, and complementary approaches. The right choice depends on individual symptoms, health history, and preference.